Schizophrenia and Psychopathy in Criminology: A Comparative Analysis

A historical-style painting depicting Cesare Lombroso, Enrico Ferri, Sigmund Freud, and another thinker, each representing different criminological schools—Biological, Positivist, Psychoanalytic, and Social—highlighting their contributions to the study of mental disorders in criminology.

Introduction: Schizophrenia and Psychopathy The study of criminal behavior has always been closely linked with the understanding of human psychology and mental health. From the earliest days of criminology, scholars have attempted to explain why certain individuals engage in deviant or violent acts while others, despite facing similar conditions, do not. Within this context, the … Read more

What Is Conflict Theory? Understanding Crime and Power in Society

Illustration representing cultural conflict in criminology, highlighting opposing social forces and inequality, with symbolic references to Karl Marx's class struggle theory.

Introduction To Conflict Theory Conflict Theory is one of the most influential perspectives in the field of criminology. Rooted in sociological thought, particularly the ideas of Karl Marx, Conflict Theory suggests that crime is a product of social and economic inequality. It argues that laws and justice systems are tools used by powerful groups to … Read more

The Theory of Primary and Secondary Deviance in Criminology

An educational chart comparing primary and secondary deviance, showing key differences such as rule-breaking behavior, societal reaction, and identity change.

Introduction Deviance remains one of the most crucial topics in criminology and sociology. It provides insight into why individuals engage in behaviors that society deems unacceptable, how such behaviors develop over time, and how individuals and groups are labeled and treated as a result. One of the most influential contributions to the understanding of deviance … Read more

Criminological Theories: Labeling, Stigma, Conflict, and More

A horizontal 2D infographic presenting seven major criminological theories — Labeling Theory, Primary & Secondary Deviance, Stigma Theory, Symbolic Interactionism, Differential Association, Conflict Theory, and Heat and Crime Theory — with icons and brief summaries of their core concepts and key figures.

Introduction to Criminological Theories Criminology is the scientific study of crime and criminal behavior. To understand the nature of crime, criminologists develop theories to explain why individuals engage in criminal acts. These theories encompass a variety of perspectives that focus on factors such as social reactions, psychological processes, environmental influences, and societal structures. In this … Read more

The Statistical Method and the Interrogative Method in Criminology

A black-and-white hand-drawn illustration showing an interrogator and a suspect. The diagram highlights three steps of the interrogation method: open-ended questions, psychological pressure, and breaking silence.

Introduction Criminology is the scientific study of crime, criminal behavior, and the criminal justice system. It aims to analyze the causes, nature, and consequences of criminal acts in society. Within this field, researchers use various tools to uncover patterns, test theories, and interpret criminal phenomena. Two core methodologies dominate criminological research: the statistical method and … Read more

Common Ground for Narrow Concepts of Criminology

Visual depiction with the text 'Common Ground for Narrow Concepts of Criminology'.

Introduction : Common Ground in Criminology Criminology is a complex and multifaceted discipline that seeks to understand the nature, causes, and consequences of crime. Within this broad field, various narrow concepts have emerged, each offering distinct perspectives on criminal behavior, its origins, and its social implications. While these concepts may differ in approach and focus, … Read more

Socialist School of Criminology: Theoretical Foundations and Critiques

Illustration representing the Socialist School of Criminology and its focus on social justice and class struggle.

Introduction to the Socialist School of Criminology The Socialist School of Criminology represents a distinct perspective within the broader field of criminological theories. Rooted in the principles of Marxism, this school seeks to understand crime through the lens of class struggle, economic systems, and societal inequalities. By emphasizing the role of social and economic factors, … Read more

What is the Difference Between Criminology and Criminal Justice?

What is the Difference Between Criminology and Criminal Justice?

Introduction The fields of criminology and criminal justice often overlap, yet they serve distinct purposes and address different aspects of crime and its impact on society. While criminology focuses on understanding the causes and implications of criminal behavior, criminal justice centers on the systems and processes that respond to crime. This article delves into the … Read more

The Formative School: The Classical Formative School and the Modern Formative School

Cesare Lombroso presenting his theory of born criminals

The Formative School represents a pivotal paradigm in criminology, emphasizing the exploration of criminal behavior through biological, psychological, and sociological lenses. Emerging as a response to classical theories, this school of thought bridges scientific rigor with practical applications. By examining the origins and evolution of criminal tendencies, the Formative School has significantly contributed to understanding, … Read more

The Role of Raffaele Garofalo in Criminology

Criminology and Moral Sense: Insights from Garofalo

Criminology, as a field of study, has undergone significant evolution since its inception. Among the pioneering figures who shaped this discipline, Raffaele Garofalo stands out as a central contributor to the Positivist School of Criminology. His innovative concepts, particularly the notion of “natural crime,” have had a lasting impact on the way crime and criminal … Read more