Born Criminal Theory by Cesare Lombroso: Definition, Impact, and Criticism

Antique book titled "The Born Criminal" by Cesare Lombroso resting on a wooden surface

the born criminal The history of criminology is filled with debates over whether crime is a product of nature, nurture, or a combination of both. In the late 19th century, one of the most influential and controversial figures in criminology, Cesare Lombroso, introduced the concept of the “Born Criminal.” His theory suggested that some individuals … Read more

Schizophrenia and Psychopathy in Criminology: A Comparative Analysis

A historical-style painting depicting Cesare Lombroso, Enrico Ferri, Sigmund Freud, and another thinker, each representing different criminological schools—Biological, Positivist, Psychoanalytic, and Social—highlighting their contributions to the study of mental disorders in criminology.

Introduction: Schizophrenia and Psychopathy The study of criminal behavior has always been closely linked with the understanding of human psychology and mental health. From the earliest days of criminology, scholars have attempted to explain why certain individuals engage in deviant or violent acts while others, despite facing similar conditions, do not. Within this context, the … Read more

Crime as a Social, Psychological, and Legal Phenomenon

Discover crime as a social, psychological, and legal phenomenon. Learn how society, mental health, and legal systems shape criminal behavior.

Introduction Crime is not merely the violation of written law—it is a mirror reflecting deeper societal, psychological, and institutional realities. Far from being a standalone incident, crime is a complex and layered occurrence, deeply rooted in historical, cultural, emotional, and legal frameworks. Every crime, whether minor or severe, carries behind it a series of causes … Read more

Analyzing Criminal Behavior: Key Theories and Modern Approaches

A horizontal image showing yellow crime scene tape with the words "CRIME SCENE DO NOT CROSS" and a shadowy figure in a hoodie behind it, overlaid with the bold title “Analyzing Criminal Behavior.”

Introduction: Why Analyzing Criminal Behavior Matters Understanding the causes and manifestations of criminal behavior is a cornerstone of modern criminology. Through the lens of psychology, sociology, biology, and law, analyzing criminal behavior helps researchers, law enforcement, and policymakers develop effective strategies for crime prevention, rehabilitation, and justice. This article explores the most significant approaches used … Read more

What Is Conflict Theory? Understanding Crime and Power in Society

Illustration representing cultural conflict in criminology, highlighting opposing social forces and inequality, with symbolic references to Karl Marx's class struggle theory.

Introduction To Conflict Theory Conflict Theory is one of the most influential perspectives in the field of criminology. Rooted in sociological thought, particularly the ideas of Karl Marx, Conflict Theory suggests that crime is a product of social and economic inequality. It argues that laws and justice systems are tools used by powerful groups to … Read more

The Thermal Law in Criminology: How Temperature Influences Crime Patterns

Infographic showing "The Thermal Law"—on the left, a violent confrontation under a hot sun represents the rise of violent crimes in hot weather; on the right, a masked thief carrying a money bag in a snowy cityscape symbolizes the increase of financial crimes in colder seasons.

1. Introduction: Understanding The Thermal Law in Criminology The study of crime patterns and their causes has long intrigued sociologists, psychologists, and criminologists alike. One fascinating area of research that has gained significant attention is The Thermal Law—a concept that connects climatic temperature variations with fluctuations in criminal behavior. Simply put, The Thermal Law observes … Read more

Symbolic Interactionism in Criminology: Crime & Social Symbols

Illustration representing symbolic interactionism in criminology, showing human profiles, crime symbols like handcuffs, gavel, and a labeled figure to highlight how social symbols and interactions shape criminal identity.

Introduction: A Social Lens on Crime Criminology, the scientific study of crime and criminal behavior, has long drawn upon various theoretical frameworks to explain why individuals deviate from social norms. Among these, Symbolic Interactionism offers a unique and deeply sociological perspective. Rather than viewing crime purely through biological or structural lenses, Symbolic Interactionism emphasizes the … Read more

Criminological Theories: Labeling, Stigma, Conflict, and More

A horizontal 2D infographic presenting seven major criminological theories — Labeling Theory, Primary & Secondary Deviance, Stigma Theory, Symbolic Interactionism, Differential Association, Conflict Theory, and Heat and Crime Theory — with icons and brief summaries of their core concepts and key figures.

Introduction to Criminological Theories Criminology is the scientific study of crime and criminal behavior. To understand the nature of crime, criminologists develop theories to explain why individuals engage in criminal acts. These theories encompass a variety of perspectives that focus on factors such as social reactions, psychological processes, environmental influences, and societal structures. In this … Read more

What Is Labeling Theory?

Labeling Theory illustration in criminology

Introduction to Labeling Theory Labeling Theory is one of the foundational perspectives in sociology and criminology that examines how the labels assigned to individuals—especially those engaged in deviant or criminal behavior—shape their identity and social interactions. This theory shifts focus from the deviant act itself to the reaction of society and how such responses influence … Read more

The Statistical Method and the Interrogative Method in Criminology

A black-and-white hand-drawn illustration showing an interrogator and a suspect. The diagram highlights three steps of the interrogation method: open-ended questions, psychological pressure, and breaking silence.

Introduction Criminology is the scientific study of crime, criminal behavior, and the criminal justice system. It aims to analyze the causes, nature, and consequences of criminal acts in society. Within this field, researchers use various tools to uncover patterns, test theories, and interpret criminal phenomena. Two core methodologies dominate criminological research: the statistical method and … Read more