Howard Becker

Symbolic Interactionism in Criminology: Crime & Social Symbols

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Illustration representing symbolic interactionism in criminology, showing human profiles, crime symbols like handcuffs, gavel, and a labeled figure to highlight how social symbols and interactions shape criminal identity.

Introduction: A Social Lens on Crime Criminology, the scientific study of crime and criminal behavior, has long drawn upon various theoretical frameworks to explain why individuals deviate from social norms. Among these, Symbolic Interactionism offers a unique and deeply sociological perspective. Rather than viewing crime purely through biological or structural lenses, Symbolic Interactionism emphasizes the … Read more

What Is Labeling Theory?

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Labeling Theory illustration in criminology

Introduction to Labeling Theory Labeling Theory is one of the foundational perspectives in sociology and criminology that examines how the labels assigned to individuals—especially those engaged in deviant or criminal behavior—shape their identity and social interactions. This theory shifts focus from the deviant act itself to the reaction of society and how such responses influence … Read more