Crime and criminality have been studied extensively in criminology, with scholars seeking to understand the factors that contribute to unlawful behaviors. While crime is often seen as an individual act, criminality as a broader concept can be viewed as a collective phenomenon shaped by societal, economic, and cultural factors. This article examines the distinction between … Read more
Introduction: Differential Association Theory Differential Association Theory is one of the most influential theories in criminology. Developed by Edwin Sutherland, this theory provides a sociological perspective on criminal behavior, arguing that crime is learned through social interactions rather than being an inherent trait. This theory is particularly relevant in understanding various types of criminal activities, … Read more
Introduction to Cultural Conflict Theory Cultural Conflict Theory is a sociological perspective that explains crime as a result of clashes between different cultural groups, particularly those with conflicting norms, values, and laws. This theory suggests that legal systems often reflect the values of the dominant cultural group, leading to the criminalization of behaviors practiced by … Read more
Introduction to Ecological Theory The ecological theory in criminology examines how environmental and societal factors contribute to criminal behavior. Rooted in sociology and urban studies, this theory suggests that crime is not solely an individual act but is significantly influenced by the surroundings in which people live. This perspective is particularly relevant in analyzing crime … Read more
The American Social School in criminology has significantly contributed to understanding criminal behavior through sociological perspectives. This school of thought emphasizes the impact of environmental, cultural, and social interactions on individuals’ propensity for crime. Among the most influential theories within this school are the Ecological Theory, Cultural Conflict Theory, and Differential Association Theory. These theories … Read more
Cesare Lombroso, often referred to as the father of modern criminology, introduced groundbreaking theories that transformed the understanding of criminal behavior. His seminal work, The Criminal Man (L’uomo Delinquente), published in 1876, marked a pivotal shift from classical criminology to a scientific approach based on biological determinism. Lombroso’s theory suggested that criminality is inherited and … Read more
The American Social School in criminology represents a significant paradigm shift from biological and psychological explanations of criminal behavior to a more sociologically driven understanding. This school of thought emphasizes the role of social structures, economic conditions, and environmental factors in shaping criminal behavior. Unlike earlier theories that attributed crime to individual pathology, the American … Read more
Criminology is the scientific study of crime, its causes, effects, and preventive measures. Various theories have emerged over time to explain criminal behavior, each offering a unique perspective on why individuals engage in criminal activities. These theories can be broadly categorized into classical, biological, psychological, and sociological schools of thought. This article explores these perspectives … Read more
Introduction to The Social Milieu School The Social Milieu School, a critical perspective in criminology, emphasizes the role of social environments in shaping human behavior, particularly criminal tendencies. It proposes that crime is not merely the result of individual pathology or genetic predispositions but is profoundly influenced by the social context in which individuals live. … Read more
Introduction to the Socialist School of Criminology The Socialist School of Criminology represents a distinct perspective within the broader field of criminological theories. Rooted in the principles of Marxism, this school seeks to understand crime through the lens of class struggle, economic systems, and societal inequalities. By emphasizing the role of social and economic factors, … Read more
