The concept of criminology, its scientific nature and scientific research methods
Introduction Penology is a specialized branch of criminology and criminal justice that examines the philosophy, methods, and effectiveness of punishment. It focuses on how societies penalize offenders and how they can be corrected, reformed, and reintegrated into society. The concept of penology bridges law and social science, highlighting the deep relationship between crime, justice, and … Read more
the born criminal The history of criminology is filled with debates over whether crime is a product of nature, nurture, or a combination of both. In the late 19th century, one of the most influential and controversial figures in criminology, Cesare Lombroso, introduced the concept of the “Born Criminal.” His theory suggested that some individuals … Read more
Introduction The phenomenon of the serial killer has always captured the attention of criminologists, psychologists, and the general public alike. In criminology, serial killers represent one of the most extreme and disturbing examples of criminal behavior, where individuals repeatedly commit murder over an extended period, usually driven by psychological, social, or biological motives. Unlike ordinary … Read more
Introduction: Unlocking the Minds Behind the Murders The phenomenon of serial killers occupies a unique and unsettling space in the realm of criminal behavior. These individuals—responsible for multiple murders committed over a period of time, often following a distinct modus operandi—have long fascinated criminologists, psychologists, law enforcement officers, and the public alike. Their actions defy … Read more
Introduction: Rethinking Criminal Behavior through Social Learning The study of crime has historically been shaped by competing paradigms—biological determinism, psychoanalytic drives, rational choice, and sociological theories of anomie and strain. Within this vast intellectual terrain, the work of Albert Bandura stands out for offering a framework that is both psychologically sound and socially grounded. Bandura’s … Read more
1. Introduction: A Shift in Understanding Criminal Behavior For decades, criminologists have sought to answer a fundamental question: Why do people commit crimes? Early explanations often focused on biological determinism or the idea that criminal behavior stems from innate traits or physical abnormalities. The Classical School, with figures like Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham, emphasized … Read more
Introduction: Why Analyzing Criminal Behavior Matters Understanding the causes and manifestations of criminal behavior is a cornerstone of modern criminology. Through the lens of psychology, sociology, biology, and law, analyzing criminal behavior helps researchers, law enforcement, and policymakers develop effective strategies for crime prevention, rehabilitation, and justice. This article explores the most significant approaches used … Read more
Introduction To Conflict Theory Conflict Theory is one of the most influential perspectives in the field of criminology. Rooted in sociological thought, particularly the ideas of Karl Marx, Conflict Theory suggests that crime is a product of social and economic inequality. It argues that laws and justice systems are tools used by powerful groups to … Read more
1. Introduction: Understanding The Thermal Law in Criminology The study of crime patterns and their causes has long intrigued sociologists, psychologists, and criminologists alike. One fascinating area of research that has gained significant attention is The Thermal Law—a concept that connects climatic temperature variations with fluctuations in criminal behavior. Simply put, The Thermal Law observes … Read more
Introduction The link between climate and human behavior has intrigued scholars for centuries. One of the earliest thinkers to propose a connection between environmental factors and social dynamics was the 14th-century Arab scholar Ibn Khaldun. In his seminal work Muqaddimah, Ibn Khaldun suggested that heat and climate significantly influence individuals’ temperaments, social organization, and even … Read more
